Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress A sign of the enduring popularity and influence of The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan is that one of the more memorable episodes of the allegory -- the passage of Christian and Faithful through the town of Vanity, and its market festival of "Vanity Fair" -- continues to be a recognizable allusion long after Bunyan's death. In 2012, Vanity Fair remains the title of a Conde-Nast magazine celebrating wealth and fame. To a certain degree, Bunyan would approve the title of this magazine, for his own conception of Vanity Fair is a place of glossy and meretricious emptiness. This is, after all, the etymological meaning of "Vanity" -- although contemporary usage is more likely to refer to conceitedness (as, for example, with "Vanity Smurf" always gazing in a hand-mirror), the original meaning was of worthless vacuity. This is "Vanity" in the sense of "vain effort" or something done "in vain."...

Bunyan is careful to note, on more than one occasion, that Jesus had to pass through Vanity Fair, too: it is summarized in one of the interpolated bits of verse Bunyan wrote for the illustrated edition of the book:
Behold VANITY-FAIR; the Pilgrims there?

Are Chain'd and Ston'd beside;

Even so it was, our Lord past here,

And on Mount Calvary dy'd.[footnoteRef:0] [0:…